Seeing a little blood when you brush or floss is common — but it is not normal. In most people, it is an early sign of gum inflammation called gingivitis.
What causes it?
Plaque — a sticky film of bacteria — builds up along the gumline. If it is not removed, the gums become red, swollen and bleed easily. Smoking, hormonal changes such as pregnancy, and conditions like diabetes can make gum problems more likely.
Is it serious?
At the gingivitis stage, the damage is usually reversible. If it is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, where the tissues and bone holding the teeth are damaged. Periodontitis can lead to loose teeth and tooth loss.
What to do at home
- Keep brushing — gently, twice a day for two minutes, with fluoride toothpaste. Stopping because of bleeding makes it worse
- Clean between your teeth every day with floss or interdental brushes
- If you smoke, stopping helps your gums heal
When to see a dentist
Book a check-up if your gums keep bleeding after a week or two of careful cleaning, or straight away if you notice swelling, pain, a bad taste, persistent bad breath, or teeth that feel loose. A professional clean removes the hardened tartar that brushing cannot.
This article is general information and is not a substitute for an examination. Every mouth is different — book a visit for advice about your own teeth.